SPECIAL TOPIC: ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PREDATION RISK The dilemma of foraging herbivores: dealing with food and fear
نویسندگان
چکیده
with different personalities and physiologies should do so too, creating individualised landscapes of food and fear. We explore the ecological significance and emergent impacts of these individual-based foraging outcomes on populations and communities, and offer predictions that can be clearly tested. In doing so, we provide an integrated platform advancing herbivore foraging theory with food quality and predation risk at its core.
منابع مشابه
Special Topic: Scaling-up in Ecology
Ecologists studying food web interactions routinely conduct their experiments at scales of 1–10 m whereas real-world landscape-level management problems exist on scales of 10 m or larger. It is often asserted that the experimental tradition in ecology has little to offer to environmental management because small scale empirical insights are not easily, if at all, translatable to the large scale...
متن کاملThe foraging tightrope between predation risk and plant toxins: a matter of concentration
1. Plants defend and predators attack, provoking the foraging dilemma faced by herbivores and frugivores of how to eat enough without being eaten. High toxin concentration in leaves and fruits inhibits consumption, while predation risk reduces feeding opportunities, as prey forage to avoid encountering predators. Thus, both factors vary and define the quality of the landscape. How foraging anim...
متن کاملReefscapes of fear: predation risk and reef hetero-geneity interact to shape herbivore foraging behaviour.
Predators can exert strong direct and indirect effects on ecological communities by intimidating their prey. The nature of predation risk effects is often context dependent, but in some ecosystems these contingencies are often overlooked. Risk effects are often not uniform across landscapes or among species. Indeed, they can vary widely across gradients of habitat complexity and with different ...
متن کاملBehaviorally Mediated Trophic Cascades: Effects of Predation Risk on Food Web Interactions
Trophic cascades are regarded as important signals for top-down control of food web dynamics. Although there is clear evidence supporting the existence of trophic cascades, the mechanisms driving this important dynamic are less clear. Trophic cascades could arise through direct population-level effects, in which predators prey on herbivores, thereby decreasing the abundance of herbivores that i...
متن کاملPlant Defenses and Predation Risk Differentially Shape Patterns of Consumption, Growth, and Digestive Efficiency in a Guild of Leaf-Chewing Insects
Herbivores are squeezed between the two omnipresent threats of variable food quality and natural enemy attack, but these two factors are not independent of one another. The mechanisms by which organisms navigate the dual challenges of foraging while avoiding predation are poorly understood. We tested the effects of plant defense and predation risk on herbivory in an assemblage of leaf-chewing i...
متن کامل